Render private networking

Render’s private network lets services talk to each other without exposing traffic on the public internet. Use this skill when users need internal connectivity, discovery across scaled instances, or correct URL/port behavior for Blueprints and the Dashboard.

When to Use This Skill

• Designing or debugging service-to-service traffic on Render
• Questions about internal hostnames, internal URLs, or Connect > Internal in the Dashboard
• Service discovery across multiple instances (custom load balancing, mesh-style setups)
• Port limits, reserved ports, or multi-port web services (public vs private)
• Free-tier web services and who can send vs receive private traffic
• Environment isolation (with a Pro workspace or higher) or AWS PrivateLink for private egress/ingress patterns

Before designing, configuring, or troubleshooting private connectivity, read references/private-networking.md. For architecture examples and Blueprint patterns, see references/communication-patterns.md.

Private Connection Essentials

• If the service types or traffic direction are unclear, establish which service initiates the connection and which service receives it before proposing an address.
• Private-network peers must be in the same workspace and region. Use the destination's address from Connect > Internal in the Dashboard.
• Construct a complete URL when the client expects one, such as http://[internal-hostname]:[port]/path; a bare hostname does not supply the protocol.
• Web services and private services can receive private traffic. Background workers, cron jobs, and workflow runs can initiate outbound private connections but have no internal hostname and cannot receive them.
• In a gateway pattern, a public web service calls a private service over the private network; the private service does not need a public endpoint.

Service Discovery

Use a service's normal internal hostname for ordinary service-to-service traffic. When an application specifically needs every active instance—for custom load balancing, per-instance metrics, or similar logic—use the service's discovery hostname, conventionally [internal-hostname]-discovery, which resolves to all active instance IPs. Each web or private service receives its own discovery hostname in RENDER_DISCOVERY_SERVICE. Do not persist the resolved IPs because they can change between deploys.

Common Patterns

Short summaries; full diagrams and Blueprint notes live in references/communication-patterns.md.

1. Web gateway + private backends — Public Web Service terminates HTTP; internal calls use private hostnames and ports to Private Services or internal URLs.
2. Worker to database — Background Worker (no internal hostname) connects outbound to Postgres or Key Value internal URLs.
3. Microservices — Private Services (and eligible Web Services) call each other by internal hostname:port on the private network.

References

Document	Purpose
references/private-networking.md	Current private-network capabilities, addressing, discovery, ports, isolation, and troubleshooting
references/communication-patterns.md	Gateway, worker→DB, mesh, URL construction, and Blueprint fromService patterns

Related Skills

• render-web-services — Public web services, PORT, and HTTP behavior
• render-private-services — Private Service–specific setup and scaling
• render-blueprints — render.yaml, fromService, and multi-service wiring

Current documentation retrieval

Whenever this skill directs you to consult current Render documentation:

1. Retrieve the linked Markdown document directly with an available URL-fetching tool or HTTP client, such as curl. Do not substitute web-search summaries for the document.
2. Confirm that retrieval succeeded and returned the expected document, then read its contents. Saving a file or printing its path is not sufficient.
3. If the request fails or your tool cannot read the Markdown response, open and read the linked HTML version instead.
4. If neither version can be retrieved, disclose that the current reference is unavailable and follow any topic-specific fallback in the skill. Use bundled guidance only for stable constraints, and do not guess at changeable platform details.

When a task requires multiple references, apply this workflow to each one and distinguish the documents you verified from those that remain unavailable.